Bayesian Prediction Analysis for Growth Curve Model Using Noninformative Priors

We apply a Bayesian approach to the problem of prediction in an unbalanced growth curve model using noninformative priors. Due to the complexity of the model, no analytic forms of the predictive densities are available. We propose both approximations and a prediction-oriented Metropolis-Hastings sampling algorithm for two types of prediction, namely the prediction of future observations for a new subject and the prediction of future values for a partially observed subject. They are illustrated and compared through real data and simulation studies. Two of the approximations compare favorably with the approximation in Fearn (1975, Biometrika, 62, 89–100) and are very comparable to the more accurate Rao-Blackwellization from Metropolis-Hastings sampling algorithm.     

Sn-C60薄膜的紫外吸收光谱和X-射线衍射谱分析

对Sn-C60薄膜进行紫外可见光吸收，X-射线衍射和扫描电镜的测定结果显示，薄膜样品紫外可见光吸收的两个短波段吸收峰比纯C60薄膜的吸收峰显著下降，说明Sn-C60薄膜的电子光吸收跃迁为间接跃迁，能带中有杂质能级的存在；样品的X射线衍射峰则对应于面心立方结构；扫描电镜结果显示薄膜为纳米级颗粒组成。     

火焰原子吸收法测定土壤中铜的测量不确定度评定

根据GB／T17138-1997规定的测量步骤对土壤中的铜进行了测定，对影响测定结果的各不确定度来源进行了分析，并对一个样品的测定结果进行了不确定度评定。     

掺铥氟磷玻璃的结构、热学性质和光谱性质

制备了不同Al(PO3)3含量的掺铥系列氟磷玻璃,研究了其结构、热稳定性和光谱性质。随着Al(PO3)3含量的增加,该系列玻璃的密度降低,折射率增加,差热分析表明,转变温度、析晶起始温度、析晶峰温度和熔化温度增加。Al(PO3)3摩尔浓度在7%~9%时析晶稳定性最佳。采用归一化的拉曼光谱分析了材料的结构和声子状况,对于该系列氟磷玻璃,Al(PO3)3含量的增加不会影响声子能量,但使声子密度增大。测试了样品的吸收光谱,Tm3 的3H6→3F4在第三通信窗口的L波段有明显吸收。与在其它玻璃基质中相比,Tm3 的3F4能级对应能量偏高,3H4能级对应能量偏低,使得3H4→3F4跃迁波长较大,接近于增益迁移光纤放大器的放大波长。扎得奥菲而特(Judd-Ofelt)理论分析表明随着Al(PO3)3含量增加,离子强度参量Ω2增大,Ω6保持相对稳定,Tm3 的能级寿命降低。     

Singlet versus triplet dynamics of β-carotene studied by quantum control spectroscopy

Biomolecules very often present complex energy deactivation networks with overlapping electronic absorption bands, making their study a difficult task. This can be especially true in transient absorption spectroscopy when signals from bleach, excited state absorption and stimulated emission contribute to the signal. However, quantum control spectroscopy can be used to discriminate specific electronic states of interest by applying specifically designed laser pulses. Recently, we have shown the control of energy flow in bacterial light-harvesting using shaped pump pulses in the visible and the selective population of pathways in carotenoids using an additional depletion pulse in the transient absorption technique. Here, we apply a closed-loop optimization approach to β-carotene using a spatial light modulator to decipher the energy flow network after a multiphoton excitation with a shaped ultrashort pulse in the near-IR. After excitation, two overlapping bands were detected and identified as the S₁ state and the first triplet state T₁. Using the transient absorption signal at a specific probe delay as feedback, the triplet signal could be optimized over the singlet contribution.     

Microwave absorption properties of composite powders with low density

The composites of barium ferrite coated on hollow ceramic microspheres were prepared using sol-gel technique. The crystal structure, morphology and microwave absorption properties of composite powders with different weight ratio of microspheres were studied with XRD, EDS, FESEM and vector network analyzer. The results show that the microwave absorption properties of composite powders are greatly improved. The maximum microwave loss of composite powders reaches 31 dB with an amount of 50 wt.% microspheres, and its density is only about 1.80 g/cm³. The effect of hollow ceramic microspheres on the microwave absorption property is also discussed.     

Ag纳米颗粒的光吸收和透射电镜研究

用硼氢化钠作还原剂,制备出两种相对稳定的含银纳米颗粒的水溶胶,用透射电镜（TEM）和光学吸收谱对这些颗粒进行了表征.当被还原的银离子较少时,所形成的银纳米颗粒较小,吸收峰呈现二极等离子体共振吸收峰.当被还原的银离子较多时,银纳米颗粒尺寸变大,并出现二极和四极共振吸收峰.在Ag纳米颗粒形成后,对其溶液稀释,发现其峰形保持不变,而峰位会出现红移,最大红移量可达到10 nm.透射电镜研究表明,低浓度溶胶中的Ag纳米颗粒尺寸较为均匀,平均直径12 nm.高浓度溶胶中的纳米颗粒尺寸呈双尺寸分布特点,少量颗粒直径小于14 nm,大部分颗粒直径大于20 nm.     

用力敏传感器测量乙醇水溶液的表面张力系数与浓度的关系

用硅压阻式力敏传感器测量了纯水、乙醇的表面张力系数，并测量了不同浓度的乙醇水溶液的表面张力系数，得到了乙醇水溶液的表面张力系数随浓度的变化曲线．     

Determination of ultra-trace gold in natural water by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry after in situ enrichment with thiol cotton fiber

A simple method of determining ultra-trace Au in natural water was presented by using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry (GFAAS) after in situ enrichment with thiol cotton fiber (TCF). The sample solution was adjusted to pH 1.5-2.0 with HCl, then the water sample was passed through a column packed with 0.10-0.20 g TCF and the flow rate was controlled at 20-40 ml min⁻¹. The effects of interferences, such as complexing and oxidizing agents and other elements adsorbed on TCF were overcome by chemical treatments prior to the desorption of Au. The adsorbed Au was adsorbed with 2.0 ml hot acid, then it was extracted with 1.00 ml methyl isobutylketone (MIBK). For a 5 l water sample, the detection limit of Au is 0.02 ng l⁻¹. The relative standard deviation (R.S.D.) for the determination of 1.44 ng l⁻¹ Au was 9.4%.The method was applied to determine ultra-trace Au both in suspended phase and soluble phase in natural water, the concentrations of total Au in natural water samples range from 0.51 to 67.82 ng l⁻¹. The recovery of added 0.50-6.00 ng l⁻¹ Au was 80-95%. The method is useful in prospecting for Au deposits by means of hydrogeochemical methods. The enrichment is carried out in the field, and then the determination of Au is completed later in the laboratory.     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定化妆品中的砷

在过氧化氢溶液及硝酸镍存在下，用石墨炉原子吸收法测定化妆品中砷的含量，砷的浓度在0-1mg/L时与吸光度线相关，线性方程为A=0.838c 0.003，相关系数为0.99994。对液体和固体化妆品中的砷进行测定，砷的加标回收率为98.3%-98.7%，测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.65%-1.50%。